PSLE 2022 Math Paper 2 Q14
In March 2026, Singapore's Minister of Education, Desmond Lee, walked into Parliament during the Ministry of Education budget debate carrying physical copies of a single math problem. He handed them out and asked his colleagues to solve it on the spot.
The problem was Question 14 from Paper 2 of the 2022 PSLE — the Primary School Leaving Examination, sat by twelve-year-olds. Lee's point was that questions famous for being "impossible" are in fact deliberately broken into parts that guide the student's reasoning. MP Lee Hui Ying joked on social media afterwards that her cortisol levels only dropped after she reached the correct answer of 32 cm.
The problem
The figure shows the amount of water in two rectangular containers, X and Y, at first.
Ray poured $\frac{1}{5}$ of the water from X into Y to fill it to the top, without overflowing.
(a) How much water was there in X at first? [2 marks]
(b) Ray then poured all the water from Y into X. $120\text{ cm}^3$ of water overflowed from X. What was the height of X? [3 marks]
Solution
Part (a)
The fraction of water transferred from X — a fifth of its original volume — is precisely the volume needed to fill the empty $8\text{ cm}$ at the top of Y:
$$\frac{V}{5} \;=\; 15 \times 12 \times 8 \;=\; 1440 \text{ cm}^3$$
Therefore:
$$V \;=\; 7200 \text{ cm}^3$$
That is how much water was in X to begin with.
Part (b)
After the first pour, X holds the remaining $\frac{4}{5}$ of its water:
$$\tfrac{4}{5} \times 7200 \;=\; 5760 \text{ cm}^3$$
When Y is full, it contains all $22\text{ cm}$ of water:
$$15 \times 12 \times 22 \;=\; 3960 \text{ cm}^3$$
Ray pours that $3960\text{ cm}^3$ back into X. Of that, $120\text{ cm}^3$ overflows, so the volume that actually fits inside X — added on top of the $5760\text{ cm}^3$ already there — is:
$$3960 - 120 \;=\; 3840 \text{ cm}^3$$
The full capacity of X is therefore:
$$5760 + 3840 \;=\; 9600 \text{ cm}^3$$
X has a $20 \times 15 = 300\text{ cm}^2$ base, so its height $h$ must satisfy:
$$300 \, h \;=\; 9600 \quad\Longrightarrow\quad h \;=\; 32 \text{ cm}$$
So container X is $\boxed{32\text{ cm}}$ tall — the answer that brought Parliament's cortisol levels back to normal.
Why this problem?
What makes Q14 quietly elegant is that neither part rewards memorisation. Part (a) hinges on noticing a single fact — one fifth of X exactly fills the empty space in Y — and turning that sentence into one equation. Part (b) asks the student to track three quantities (water still in X, water poured back from Y, water that overflows) and to realise that their sum is the capacity of X, not its current content.
That layered structure is exactly why Lee distributed the question to Parliament: a problem that looks impossible at a glance and turns out, on second reading, to be a sequence of small steps. Each step is easy. Putting them in the right order is the actual skill being tested.